29 Jun
29Jun

First, give yourself three minutes to read this article:


 The concept of harnessing nuclear fusion as a viable energy source has long been a dream for scientists and engineers. Recent advancements in fusion technology have brought us closer to this reality, suggesting that nuclear fusion could soon become a feasible and sustainable energy solution. There are several compelling reasons to pursue nuclear fusion as a major energy source.

One of the most significant benefits of nuclear fusion is its potential to provide a nearly limitless supply of clean energy. Fusion reactions use isotopes of hydrogen, which are abundant in water, meaning we would have a practically inexhaustible fuel supply. Unlike fossil fuels, fusion produces no greenhouse gases, and its primary byproduct is helium, a harmless gas. This could significantly reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and help mitigate climate change.

Another advantage of nuclear fusion is its safety compared to nuclear fission, the process used in current nuclear power plants. Fusion does not produce long-lived radioactive waste, and there is no risk of a runaway chain reaction leading to a catastrophic meltdown. This makes fusion power plants inherently safer and more environmentally friendly.

In addition to environmental and safety benefits, nuclear fusion could also lead to economic growth and technological innovation. Developing fusion technology would create new industries and job opportunities in research, engineering, and manufacturing. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of fusion energy could lower electricity costs and provide a stable energy supply, boosting economic development worldwide.


Next, listen to the following lecture:

 



You have twenty minutes to answer the following question. You can refer to the article as you write your essay. You may not listen to the lecture again.


Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage












Sample Answer: 


The reading and the lecture discuss the potential of nuclear fusion as a viable energy source. The author is optimistic about fusion's benefits, including its ability to provide clean energy, enhance safety, and promote economic growth. However, the lecturer challenges these claims, highlighting the significant technical and economic challenges that remain.

Firstly, the author argues that nuclear fusion could provide a nearly limitless supply of clean energy, as it uses abundant hydrogen isotopes and produces no greenhouse gases. Conversely, the lecturer points out that achieving and maintaining the extreme conditions necessary for fusion is currently beyond our capabilities. Despite recent advancements, sustaining a fusion reaction for a practical duration remains a major challenge.

Secondly, the reading suggests that fusion is safer than nuclear fission because it produces no long-lived radioactive waste and eliminates the risk of catastrophic meltdowns. In contrast, the lecturer emphasizes the high costs associated with building and maintaining fusion reactors. He notes that the economic feasibility of fusion energy is still uncertain, as the initial investment required could be prohibitively high.

Lastly, the author claims that fusion could spur economic growth by creating new industries and job opportunities, as well as lowering electricity costs. The lecturer, however, raises concerns about the availability of specific isotopes like tritium and the durability of materials needed for fusion reactors. These issues could further delay the development and widespread adoption of fusion technology.

In conclusion, while the reading presents an optimistic view of nuclear fusion as a future energy source, the lecture provides a more cautious perspective, highlighting the significant obstacles that still need to be addressed. Both perspectives underscore the complexity of developing nuclear fusion and the need for continued research and innovation.



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